Compiler Design

Choose the correct answer of the following:
Synthesized attributes are calculated
(i) from the values of attributes of the children of the node
(ii) from the values of attributes of the parent of the node
(iii) from the values of attributes of the siblings of the node
(iv) None of these

Choose the correct answer of the following:
When is the type checking usually done?
(i) During syntax directed translation
(ii) During lexical analysis
(iii) During code optimization
(iv) During syntax analysis

Choose the correct answer of the following:
In an absolute loading scheme, which loader function is accomplished by programmer?
(i) Allocation
(ii) Linking
(iii) Reallocation
(iv) Both (i) and (ii)

Choose the correct option / answer the following:
In S-attributed definitions, all attributes are:
(i) Inherited
(ii) Explicit
(iii) Static
(iv) Synthesized

Choose the correct option / answer the following:
Which of the following is used to determine the evaluation order of attributes?
(i) Symbol table
(ii) Transition table
(iii) Dependency graph
(iv) Abstract grammar

Choose the correct answer of the following:
The languages that need heap allocation in the runtime environment are those that
(i) use global variables
(ii) use dynamic scoping
(iii) support recursion
(iv) allow dynamic data structure

Choose the correct answer of the following:
A dangling reference is a ..............
(i) pointer pointing to storage which is freed
(ii) pointer pointing to unutilized storage
(iii) pointer pointing to null
(iv) none of these

Synthesized attributes are evaluated from

(i) Parent to child
(ii) Child to parent
(iii) Left to right
(iv) Right to left

Choose the correct option / answer the following:
The symbol table stores information about:
(i) Only variables
(ii) Only functions
(iii) Identifiers and their attributes
(iv) Syntax errors

Which attribute is commonly stored in symbol table?

(i) Variable type
(ii) Address
(iii) Scope
(iv) All of these

What is an activation record? Explain how they are used to access various local and global variables.

For the given grammar and associated semantic rules. Find the output for the input: aadbd.
$S \rightarrow AS \{print(1)\}; S \rightarrow AB \{print(2)\}; A \rightarrow a \{print(3)\}; B \rightarrow bC \{print(4)\};$
$B \rightarrow dB \{print(5)\}; C \rightarrow e \{print(6)\}$

Construct a syntax-directed translation scheme that translates arithmetic expressions from infix notation into prefix notation. Give annotated parse trees for the inputs $9 - 5 + 2$ and $9 - 5 * 2$.

What is the use of a symbol table? How are the identifiers stored in the symbol table?

Explain synthesized and inherited attributes with suitable examples.

Define syntax-directed definitions (SDD). Explain the difference between S-attributed and L-attributed definitions. Give an example of each and explain how attributes are evaluated.

What is the syntax directed translation and why are they important?

Explain the process of attribute evaluation in a syntax tree. Discuss the construction and use of dependency graphs and the evaluation order of attributes. Give an example.

What is a symbol table in a compiler? Describe its structure and how it supports semantic analysis. Explain with an example how a symbol table is constructed and maintained during compilation.

Explain the different attributes stored in a symbol table for a variable and a function. Discuss how these attributes are used during type checking and semantic analysis.

Define Symbol Table. Discuss symbol table implementation techniques.

What are the different parameter passing mechanisms in programming languages? Explain with examples the working of call-by-value, call-by-reference, and call-by-name. Also, discuss their impact on memory and scope.

Differentiate between S-attributed SDDs and L-attributed SDDs with suitable examples.

Differentiate between S-attributed SDT and L-attributed SDT using suitable examples.

Differentiate between S-attribute SDT and L-attribute SDT with suitable examples.

Write short notes on: Activation Records

Write short notes on: Activation Record

Write short notes on: Symbol table