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Module 2: Digital Modulation

20242m

What is the primary factor that determines the Bit Error Rate (BER) in a communication system?
(i) Power spectral density
(ii) Bandwidth efficiency
(iii) Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
(iv) Carrier frequency

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Answer

Correct Option: Depends on phrasing — typically Eb/N0E_b/N_0 (SNR) determines BER

Explanation

BER error probability Pe=Q(2Eb/N0)P_e=Q(\sqrt{2E_b/N_0}) for BPSK, depends on Eb/N0E_b/N_0 (energy per bit to noise density), which relates to PSD N0/2N_0/2 and bandwidth efficiency. Higher Eb/N0E_b/N_0 → lower BER.

If options: power spectral density, bandwidth efficiency, SNR — SNR/Eb/N0E_b/N_0 is primary.

Final Answer

Eb/N0E_b/N_0 (SNR) → power spectral density related.

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