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Module 2: Processes & Scheduling

20247m

What are the two differences between user-level thread and kernel level thread? Under what circumstance is one type better than the other?

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User vs Kernel threads

  1. Management: ULT by user library (kernel unaware), KLT by kernel.
  2. Scheduling: ULT many-to-one, KLT one-to-one/many-to-many.
  3. Blocking: one ULT blocks entire process; KLT can schedule another thread of same process.
  4. Overhead: ULT lightweight, fast context switch; KLT heavier but true parallelism.

When better: ULT when threads are cooperative, low concurrency, need fast creation (e.g., user-level task pool). KLT when needing blocking I/O, multicore parallelism, priority scheduling.

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