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Module 5: Memory Management

20252m

Internal fragmentation occurs when

(i) Processes are swapped out
(ii) Pages are missing
(iii) Memory is completely utilized
(iv) Unused space exists within an allocated memory partition

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Answer: (iv) Unused space exists within an allocated memory partition

Internal fragmentation = waste inside allocated block (e.g., fixed 10KB block allocated to 8KB process leaves 2KB internal). External = free holes scattered outside.

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