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Module 3: Network Layer & Routing

20167m

An IP router with a Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of 1500 bytes has received an IP packet of size 4404 bytes with an IP header of length 20 bytes. The values of the relevant fields in the header of the third IP fragment generated by the router for this packet are?

Worked SolutionAI Assisted

Header Fields of the Third IP Fragment (MTU 1500)

Given: MTU = 1500 bytes, received IP packet = 4404 bytes, IP header = 20 bytes.

Step 1: Data that must be fragmented

Data=4404−20=4384 bytes\text{Data} = 4404 - 20 = 4384\ \text{bytes}

Step 2: Maximum data per fragment

Max data=MTU−header=1500−20=1480 bytes\text{Max data} = \text{MTU} - \text{header} = 1500 - 20 = 1480\ \text{bytes}

The offset is counted in 8-byte blocks, so every non-final fragment must carry a multiple of 8 bytes: 1480 mod 8=01480 \bmod 8 = 0, so 1480 is legal and is used as the data size of fragments 1 and 2.

Step 3: Fragmentation plan

Fragment Data bytes (original data field) Data size Total length Offset (value = bytes/8) M flag
1st 0 - 1479 1480 1480+20=15001480 + 20 = 1500 0/8=00/8 = 0 1
2nd 1480 - 2959 1480 1480+20=15001480 + 20 = 1500 1480/8=1851480/8 = 185 1
3rd 2960 - 4383 4384−2960=14244384 - 2960 = 1424 1424+20=14441424 + 20 = 1444 2960/8=3702960/8 = 370 0

Step 4: Fields in the header of the third fragment

Field Value
Total Length 1444 bytes (1424 data + 20 header)
Header Length (HLEN) 5 (i.e. 20 bytes)
Identification same as the original packet
Flags MF = 0, DF = 0 (this is the last fragment)
Fragment Offset 370 (means 370×8=2960370 \times 8 = 2960 bytes of data precede this fragment)
Protocol copied unchanged from the original header

Final answer: Total Length = 1444 bytes, MF flag = 0, Fragment Offset = 370 (header length stays 20 bytes, identification unchanged).

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