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Module 3: Network Layer & Routing

20257m

Compare Unicasting, Broadcasting and Multicasting with examples.

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Unicasting, Broadcasting and Multicasting

SVGVector Architecture Diagram (SVG)
Unicast (1 to 1) Broadcast (1 to all) Multicast (1 to group) SSS RRR RRR RRR e.g. HTTP request e.g. ARP request e.g. IPTV, video call
Basis Unicast Broadcast Multicast
Communication One sender to one receiver One sender to all hosts in the network One sender to a selected group
Destination address Specific host address Broadcast address (e.g. 255.255.255.255, MAC FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF) Group address (IPv4 class D 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255)
Bandwidth use One copy per receiver One copy, flooded to all One copy per link, shared by group
Efficiency Poor for many receivers Wastes bandwidth on uninterested hosts Efficient for group delivery
Examples Web browsing, email, FTP ARP request, DHCP discover Video conferencing, IPTV, stock quotes
IPv6 Supported Not used (replaced by multicast) Supported

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