Answer: (iii) Data discrimination

• Data characterization summarizes the general features of a single target class (e.g., "typical profile of high-spending customers").
• Data discrimination compares the target class against one or more contrasting classes, highlighting the differences (e.g., "how do high-spending customers differ from low-spending customers?").

Since the question explicitly describes a comparison against contrasting classes, the answer is data discrimination, not characterization (which looks at only one class in isolation).