Java vs C++ (7-mark answer)

Aspect	Java	C++
Memory	Automatic garbage collection	Manual management and RAII/smart pointers
Pointers	No general pointer arithmetic exposed	Supports pointers and pointer arithmetic
Inheritance	A class extends one class; multiple interfaces allowed	Multiple class inheritance supported
Portability	Bytecode runs on compatible JVMs	Usually compiled to native platform code
Exceptions	Checked and unchecked exceptions	Primarily unchecked exception model
Operator overloading	Generally not supported for user classes	Supported
Generic types	Generics, mostly type-erased	Templates

Java emphasizes managed memory, safety and JVM portability; C++ offers more low-level control and often direct native performance. Both support object-oriented programming, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism.