Write a short note on: Calibration of Imaging Equipment

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Accepted Answer

## Short Note: Calibration of Imaging Equipment

**Calibration** is the process of comparing an instrument's reading with a traceable reference standard and adjusting it to keep errors within tolerance. It ensures accurate images, correct patient dose and reliable measurements.

```mermaid
flowchart LR
  A[Reference standard or phantom] --> B[Measure equipment output]
  B --> C{Within tolerance?}
  C -->|yes| D[Record result]
  C -->|no| E[Adjust]
  E --> B
```

- **X-ray:** kVp, mA, exposure time, HVL, dose output with kVp meter and ion chamber.
- **CT:** water HU = 0, noise and uniformity using a water phantom; CTDI.
- **MRI:** field homogeneity, gradient and RF with a phantom.
- **Ultrasound:** depth, distance and uniformity with a tissue-mimicking phantom.
- Done at installation, after repairs or tube replacement, and periodically (annual), with records kept as required by AERB.

### Exam tip
Define calibration, give the flow loop and mention phantoms and tolerances.

Short Note: Calibration of Imaging Equipment

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