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Module 1: Introduction & SDLC

20242m

The term "Software Crisis" refers to

(i) Lack of programming languages
(ii) The inability to write the software efficiently
(iii) Difficulties in managing the software projects
(iv) Failure of hardware components

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Answer: (iii) Difficulties in managing the software projects

The Software Crisis refers to the period (from the late 1960s) when software projects increasingly failed — late deliveries, cost overruns, unreliable products. Its root cause was difficulties in managing complex software projects (poor planning, estimation, and process discipline), not technology shortages.

Why the others are wrong:

  • (i) Lack of programming languages — many languages (FORTRAN, COBOL, etc.) already existed.
  • (ii) The inability to write the software efficiently — writing code is not the core problem; managing large projects is.
  • (iv) Failure of hardware components — hardware was improving; it was not the issue.

The crisis led to the emergence of software engineering as a disciplined, managed activity.

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