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Module 2: x86 Architecture, CPU Control, I/O, Memory System Design

20232m

In memory-mapped I/O:
(i) The I/O devices and the memory share the same address space.
(ii) The I/O device have a separate address space
(iii) The memory and I/O device have an associated address space
(iv) A part of the memory is specifically set aside for the I/O operation

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Answer: (i) The I/O devices and the memory share the same address space.

Explanation:

  • Memory-mapped I/O: No separate I/O addresses; I/O registers are mapped into memory address space. CPU uses same LOAD/STORE instructions for both memory and I/O, decoded by address.
  • Isolated/ I/O-mapped I/O: Separate address spaces, requires special IN/OUT instructions (option ii describes isolated I/O).
  • Options (iii) and (iv) are incorrect descriptions.

Advantage: no extra instructions; disadvantage: reduces memory address space available.

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