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Module 2: x86 Architecture, CPU Control, I/O, Memory System Design

20242m

Which type of control unit is faster but more difficult to modify?
i) Hardwired Control Unit
ii) Microprogrammed Control Unit
iii) Cache Control Unit
iv) Memory Management Unit

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Answer: (i) Hardwired Control Unit

Explanation:

  • Hardwired CU uses combinational circuits (AND, OR, gates, decoders) to generate control signals. It is fast because signals propagate through hardware without memory access.
  • Disadvantage: Difficult to modify or add new instructions - requires redesign of wiring.
  • Microprogrammed CU uses control store (microprogram) - slower (microinstructions fetch) but flexible/easy to modify.
  • Cache Control Unit and MMU are not types of CPU control unit.

Hence faster but inflexible = Hardwired CU.

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