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Unit 1: Database System Architecture

20247m

Draw and explain three level architecture of database system.

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Three Level Architecture (ANSI/SPARC):

  1. External/View Level (highest): Individual user views - subset of database tailored for user group. Hide irrelevant data. Example: Student view shows grades for adviser, Accounts view hides grades. Provides logical data independence via view mapping.

  2. Conceptual/Logical Level: Community view - entire database structure - entities, relationships, attributes, constraints, semantics. DBA defines using conceptual schema (ER + relational). Example: Tables Student, Course, Enroll with relationships. Physical independence maintained - conceptual unaffected by physical changes.

  3. Internal/Physical Level: How data physically stored - files, indexes, hashing, blocks, storage allocation, compression. Managed by OS.

Mappings: External-Conceptual mapping translates view query to conceptual; Conceptual-Internal mapping translates conceptual operations to physical storage access.

Advantages: Data independence (physical and logical), security (views), easier DBA management. Diagram: Three layers with mappings between, users at top accessing views, physical storage at bottom.

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