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Unit 1: Database System Architecture

20247m

Illustrate the database characteristics, How they are different from File systems.

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Database Characteristics vs File System:

Database Characteristics:

  • Self-describing (catalog/metadata)
  • Data abstraction & independence (physical/logical)
  • Concurrent multi-user access with ACID
  • Controlled redundancy, data integrity constraints
  • Security, backup/recovery, views

File System vs DBMS Differences:

  1. Redundancy: File system stores duplicate data in separate files leading inconsistency; DBMS controls redundancy via normalization.
  2. Inconsistency: File updates need multiple files, easy inconsistency; DBMS single repository ensures consistency.
  3. Data Dependency: File system program depends on file format (structural dependence); DBMS provides data independence.
  4. Integrity: File system enforces in application code; DBMS enforces declarative constraints.
  5. Atomicity/Concurrency: File system no transaction/ACID; DBMS ensures atomic, isolated concurrent transactions, locking.
  6. Security: File OS-level permissions only; DBMS GRANT/REVOKE fine-grained.
  7. Recovery: File system manual backup; DBMS log-based recovery, crash recovery.
  8. Sharing: File limited; DBMS multi-user with views.

Example: Banking file system storing customer in two files vs DBMS one Customer table ensures single update propagates, concurrent withdrawals handled via locking.

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