Principles of Communication Engineering

The Viterbi algorithm is used for:
(i) Encoding cyclic codes
(ii) Decoding convolutional codes
(iii) Noise filtering
(iv) Error detection

Cyclic codes are represented using
(i) Frequency response
(ii) Generator polynomial
(iii) Trellis diagram
(iv) Fourier series

Error detection in block coding is based on
(i) Modulation index
(ii) Parity checking and syndrome
(iii) Quantization noise
(iv) Clock synchronization

The minimum Hamming distance required for single-bit error correction is
(i) 1
(ii) 2
(iii) 3
(iv) 4

Explain cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and its application in digital communication.

A (7,4) Hamming code is used for error correction. If the received codeword is 1011010, determine the original data and correct the error.

Explain the need for error detection and correction in digital communication systems.

Write short note on: Huffman Codes

Describe Shannon-Fano and Huffman coding techniques. Compare their coding efficiencies.