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Module 2: The 8051 Architecture

20217m

How many 16-bit registers are available in 8051? Explain their functions.

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16-bit Registers in 8051

8051 has two main 16-bit registers: DPTR (Data Pointer) and PC (Program Counter). SP is 8-bit but points to 8-bit addresses. Some count also Timer0/1 (THx:TLx) as 16-bit counters.

  1. DPTR (DPL 82H + DPH 83H): 16-bit pointer for external data/code access (MOVX A,@DPTR, MOVC A,@A+DPTR). Can be incremented (INC DPTR) and used as two 8-bit registers.
  2. PC (16-bit): Holds next fetch address, invisible to direct move but affected by LJMP, etc.
  3. Timer0 & Timer1: Each 16-bit (TH0:TL0, TH1:TL1) for timing/counting, baud generation.
    If counting broadly, 4×16-bit including timers.

Functions: Addressing 64K external memory, sequencing code, timing, stack is 8-bit but extended via DPTR manipulation.

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