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Module 2: The 8051 Architecture

20217m

Explain the concept of memory banks and further comment on the structure of the internal RAM of 8051.

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Memory Banks & Internal RAM Structure (8051)

Register Banks: 4 banks × 8 registers R0-R7 mapped 00-1FH: Bank0 00-07H, Bank1 08-0FH, Bank2 10-17H, Bank3 18-1FH. Selected by RS1 RS0 (PSW.4-3). Fast context switch for interrupts without PUSH.

Internal RAM 128B (00-7FH) or 256B (8052 00-FFH):

  • 00-1FH banks (32B)
  • 20-2FH bit-addressable 16B (128 bits, bit addr 00-7FH) for flags/semaphores.
  • 30-7FH general scratch.
  • 80-FFH SFRs (separate space, direct address only). In 8052, 80-FFH upper RAM accessible via indirect (@R0) vs SFR via direct.

Stack typically relocated to 30H+ to avoid bank collision; SP=07H default shares with bank1.

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