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Module 4: Computer Aided Manufacturing

202214m

Classify CNC machines. Explain which one is suitable for small-scale industries and why.

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Answer

Classification of CNC machines

CNC machines may be classified in several ways:

1. According to motion control:

  • Point-to-point (PTP): Tool moves between programmed positions; machining is generally performed at the destination.
  • Straight-cut: Controlled motion is along one or more coordinate axes to produce straight cuts.
  • Contouring/continuous-path: Two or more axes are coordinated simultaneously to machine a continuous profile.

2. According to number of axes: 2-axis, 2.5-axis, 3-axis, 4-axis, 5-axis and higher-axis machines.

3. According to machine tool: CNC lathe/turning centre, CNC milling machine/machining centre, CNC drilling machine, CNC grinding machine, etc.

Suitability for small-scale industries

For small-scale industries, a 2-axis CNC turning centre/CNC lathe is often suitable when the products are mainly rotational components. It provides good accuracy, repeatability and productivity with comparatively lower investment and simpler operation than multi-axis systems. For prismatic components, a 3-axis CNC milling machine is the corresponding economical choice.

Thus, the appropriate CNC machine depends on the type of component and production requirement; for simple turned parts, a 2-axis CNC lathe is generally the economical choice.

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