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Module 5: Application Layer & Security

20182m

Application layer is implemented on:
(i) end systems
(ii) NIC
(iii) ethernet
(iv) route

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Answer

(i) End systems

Explanation

The Application layer contains protocols and services used directly by network applications, such as HTTP, DNS, SMTP, and FTP. These applications run on end systems (hosts).

NICs and Ethernet are associated with lower networking layers, while routers are intermediate forwarding devices.

Final answer: (i) End systems.

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