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Module 5: Application Layer & Security

20192m

Application layer is implemented on:
(i) end systems
(ii) NIC
(iii) ethernet
(iv) route

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Answer

(i) End systems

Explanation

The Application layer contains protocols and services used directly by network applications such as HTTP, SMTP, DNS, and FTP. These application processes run on end systems (hosts) rather than on intermediate forwarding devices such as routers or switches.

Final answer: (i) end systems.

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