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Module 4: Transport Layer & Congestion Control

20192m

Suppose a TCP connection is transferring a file of 1000 bytes. The first byte is numbered 10001. What is the sequence number of the segment if all data is sent in only one segment?
(i) 10000
(ii) 10001
(iii) 12001
(iv) 11001

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Answer: (ii) 10001

Why: A TCP segment's sequence number is the number of the first byte of data it carries, not the last byte or a byte count. Since the file's first byte is numbered 10001 and the whole file goes in one segment, the segment carries bytes 10001 through 11000 with sequence number 10001; the next byte's number (11001) would become the ACK number, while 10000/12001 are off by one block.

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