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Module 5: Application Layer & Security

20212m

What is the maximum size of data that the application layer can pass onto the TCP layer below?

(i) Any size
(ii) 2^16 bytes-size of TCP header
(iii) 2^16 bytes
(iv) 1500 bytes

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Answer: (ii) 2^16 bytes - size of TCP header

Why: A TCP segment (header + data) becomes the payload of an IP datagram, and IP's 16-bit Total Length field caps the whole packet at 2^16 = 65536 bytes — so the data the application hands down must fit into that space after the TCP header is added, i.e. 2^16 − TCP header size (65536 − 20 = 65516 bytes). Option (i) is wrong because the length is strictly bounded by that 16-bit field; option (iii) forgets that the TCP header occupies part of the same space; option (iv) 1500 bytes is only the Ethernet MTU (a link-layer limit), not the TCP/IP limit.

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