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Module 1: Physical Layer & Data Communication

20267m

Compare Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) based on:

  • signal type
  • medium
  • operation
  • applications
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FDM vs TDM vs WDM

Basis FDM TDM WDM
Full form Frequency Division Multiplexing Time Division Multiplexing Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Signal type Analog Digital (also analog after sampling) Optical (light) signals
Medium Coaxial, radio, twisted pair Copper, microwave, fiber Optical fiber only
Operation Channels share the link by occupying different frequency bands simultaneously Channels share the link in different time slots, one at a time Signals of different wavelengths travel simultaneously in one fiber
Sharing Frequency Time Wavelength (color)
Guard needed Guard bands Guard times / sync bits Guard wavelengths
Interference Crosstalk, intermodulation noise Needs synchronization Minimal
Capacity Moderate Moderate to high Very high (DWDM)
Applications Radio/TV broadcasting, cable TV, 1G cellular Telephone networks (T1/E1), GSM, SONET Backbone and long-haul fiber networks

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