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Module 2: Data Link Layer & MAC Sublayer

20267m

Write a short note on Piggybacking.

Question 9 asks candidates to write short notes on any two listed topics.

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Piggybacking

Piggybacking is a data link layer technique in bidirectional (full-duplex) communication where an acknowledgement is attached to an outgoing data frame instead of being sent as a separate ACK frame.

SVGVector Architecture Diagram (SVG)
Station A Station B Data (seq=0) Data (seq=0, ack=1) Data (seq=1, ack=1) ACK piggybacked on data

Working

  • Each frame carries both a data field and an acknowledgement field.
  • When a node has data to send, it includes the pending ACK in that frame.
  • If no data is ready within a short time, the node sends a separate ACK to avoid sender timeout (ACK timer).

Advantages

  • Better bandwidth utilization
  • Fewer frames, lower overhead

Disadvantage

  • ACK may be delayed while waiting for outgoing data, risking timeouts.

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