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Unit 1: Science Behind Radiological Equipment

20267m

Write a short note on: ALARA Principle

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Short Note: ALARA Principle

ALARA = As Low As Reasonably Achievable. It is the basic principle of radiation protection: all exposure must be kept as low as possible while obtaining the required diagnostic or therapeutic benefit, with economic and social factors considered.

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  • Time: dose is proportional to exposure time.
  • Distance: doubling the distance cuts intensity to one quarter.
  • Shielding: lead (0.25 to 0.5 mm Pb equivalent) attenuates X-rays.
  • Related measures: justification of every exam, optimisation (collimation, filtration, low-dose protocols), dose limits, personal dosimeters.
  • Regulated in India by AERB; limits: public 1 mSv/year; radiation workers 20 mSv/year average over 5 years.

Exam tip

Write the expansion, the three pillars and the inverse square law.

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