Solution

Correct Answer: (iii) Spiral

Explanation

The Spiral Model (Barry Boehm) is a risk-driven process model. Every loop of the spiral contains an explicit Risk Analysis phase, where risks are identified and resolved (often through prototyping) before the next loop begins.

Why other options are incorrect:

• (i) Waterfall - Linear and sequential; has no explicit risk analysis step.
• (ii) Code-and-Fix - Ad hoc coding with no planning or risk handling.
• (iv) Incremental - Delivers the product in increments, but does not build risk analysis into every cycle.

Key Points to Remember:

• Four quadrants of Spiral: Objective Setting, Risk Assessment & Reduction, Development & Validation, Planning.
• Best suited for large, complex, high-risk projects.

Answer: (iii) Spiral