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Module II: Browser and Apache Web Server Architecture

20267m

Describe the architecture and working of a web server with a neat diagram. Discuss the major features of the Apache Web Server.

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Web Server Architecture and Apache Features

A web server receives HTTP/HTTPS requests from clients, locates or generates the requested resource, and returns an HTTP response. It can serve static files directly or pass dynamic requests to application runtimes.

MermaidDiagram
Rendering diagram…

Working: The browser resolves the domain through DNS and opens a connection. For HTTPS, TLS protects the connection. The server parses the request, applies routing and access rules, reads a static resource or invokes application code, then sends a response containing a status code, headers and body.

Major features of Apache HTTP Server

  1. Open source: widely used and extensible.
  2. Cross-platform: runs on Unix-like systems and Windows.
  3. Virtual hosting: hosts multiple sites on one server.
  4. Modules: functionality can be extended, for example with rewrite, TLS and proxy modules.
  5. Security controls: access control, authentication and TLS support when configured.
  6. URL rewriting and redirects: supports flexible routing and canonical URLs.
  7. Logging and configuration: configurable access/error logs and per-directory settings, including .htaccess where enabled.
  8. Proxying and load balancing: modules can route requests to backend applications.

Conclusion: A web server is the HTTP entry point for a website. Apache is popular because it is flexible, modular and configurable; secure operation requires updates and careful configuration.

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