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Module 2: x86 Architecture, CPU Control, I/O, Memory System Design

20222m

(f) The transfer of large chunks of data with the involvement of the processor is done by
(i) DMA controller
(ii) arbitrator
(iii) user system programs
(iv) None of the above

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Answer: (i) DMA controller (intended question = WITHOUT processor involvement)

Explanation:

  • Large block I/O via Programmed I/O burdens CPU (polling/interrupt per word).
  • DMA (Direct Memory Access) controller steals/borrows bus and transfers large chunks directly between I/O and memory without continuous CPU involvement, only initial setup and final interrupt by CPU.
  • The question wording "with involvement of the processor" is likely a typo; strictly with involvement would be (iv) None of the above. For "WITHOUT CPU involvement", answer is (i) DMA controller.

DMA registers: Address, Count, Control/Status - handles burst/cycle-stealing modes and bus arbitration.

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