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Module 3: Pipelining

20232m

The stalling of the processor due to the unavailability of the instruction is called as:
(i) Control hazard
(ii) Structural hazard
(iii) Input hazard
(iv) None of the above

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Answer: (ii) Structural hazard

Explanation:

  • Structural hazard: Stall due to hardware resource unavailability, e.g., memory port conflict where instruction fetch and data access need same memory, or insufficient ALUs. Unavailability of instruction (I-cache miss / memory contention) falls under this.
  • Control hazard: Due to branches.
  • Data hazard: Due to operand dependency.

Some texts specifically call "instruction hazard" as subtype of structural hazard.

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