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Module 3: Pipelining

20242m

What does a branch prediction mechanism in a CPU help reduce?
a) Data hazards
b) Control hazards
c) Structural hazards
d) Clock cycle delays

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Answer: b) Control hazards

Explanation:

  • Control hazard occurs due to branch instructions (conditional/unconditional) where next PC is unknown until decode/execute; pipeline must stall/flush.
  • Branch prediction predicts taken/not-taken and target address to fetch next instruction speculatively, reducing stalls/flushes.
  • Data hazards are handled by forwarding/bypassing, stalling, instruction scheduling.
  • Structural hazards handled by resource duplication/pipelining.

Hence branch prediction primarily reduces control hazards.

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