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Module 4: Robotic actuators

20247m

Compare hydraulic, Pneumatics and Electric Actuator.

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Answer

Comparison

Feature Hydraulic Pneumatic Electric (Motor)
Medium Oil 50–300 bar Compressed air 5–10 bar Current
Force Very high (tons) Low–medium Medium (gearing)
Speed Medium Fast Variable, precise
Stiffness High Low (compressible) High with servo
Precision High with servo Low Very high
Cleanliness Leakage, messy Clean Clean
Cost/Maintenance High (pump, filters) Low Medium
Power density Highest Low Medium
Control Servo valve On/off, proportional Servo driver

Advantages/Disadvantages Summary

  • Hydraulic: Heavy load, but leakage and bulk.
  • Pneumatic: Fast, cheap, clean, but low force and noisy.
  • Electric: Precise, clean, easy control, but limited force without gearbox.

Applications

  • Hydraulic: Excavator, press.
  • Pneumatic: Pick-place, gripper, door.
  • Electric: Robotic joints, CNC, drones.

Final Answer

Hydraulic high force, pneumatic fast cheap, electric precise clean; choose per load/speed/precision.

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