Answer

Interaction Sensors

Definition: Sensors detecting interaction between robot and environment/human (contact, force, proximity, touch, intention).

Types:

Type	Measures
Tactile	Pressure/force, slip
Force/Torque	$F_x,F_y,F_z$, $\tau$
Proximity (IR/ultrasonic)	Nearby presence
Physiological	EMG, EEG for HRI
Social	Vision, sound for gesture

Working: Transduction of interaction force/proximity → electrical.

Applications: Collaborative robots (safety), haptics, handshake detection, assembly (force control).

Advantages: Enables safe human-robot collaboration.

Disadvantages: Fusion complexity, calibration.

Final: Interaction sensors = tactile/force/proximity/physiological for HRI, enabling compliant interaction.