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Module 2: Data Mining Fundamentals and Association Rule Mining

20262m

If a dataset contains extreme outliers that strongly affect the mean, which measure is generally more robust for describing central tendency?

(i) Mean
(ii) Variance
(iii) Median
(iv) Standard deviation

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Solution

Correct Answer: (iii) Median

Explanation

The median is the middle value of the sorted data. It depends only on the position of values, so a few extreme outliers barely change it. The mean uses every value, so one huge value can pull it far from the typical value.

Example: data 10, 12, 13, 14, 500. Mean = 109.8 (misleading), median = 13 (representative).

Why other options are incorrect:

  • (i) Mean - strongly affected by outliers.
  • (ii) Variance and (iv) Standard deviation - these measure spread, not central tendency, and are also sensitive to outliers.

Answer: (iii) Median

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