Solution

COCOMO Models

1. Basic COCOMO - Effort $= a(KLOC)^b$, Time $= c(Effort)^d$ (no cost drivers).
2. Intermediate COCOMO - Basic × EAF (15 cost drivers: reliability, complexity, experience).
3. Detailed / Advanced COCOMO - Intermediate per phase (requirements, design, coding, testing) - phase-sensitive.

Phases in Detailed COCOMO

Detailed splits effort across SDLC phases with different multipliers per mode:

Phase	Organic	Semi-detached	Embedded
Planning & Requirements	6%	7%	8%
System Design	16%	17%	18%
Detailed Design	26%	25%	28%
Module Code & Test	42%	33%	30%
Integration & Test	16%	25%	32%

Process:

1. Estimate KLOC and mode
2. Compute nominal effort via Basic
3. Apply phase-wise cost drivers
4. Distribute effort/time per phase using above %

Detailed gives most accurate phase-wise staffing.