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Module 2: x86 Architecture, CPU Control, I/O, Memory System Design

20162m

What do you mean by interrupt-initiated I/O?

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Interrupt-Initiated I/O:

In programmed I/O the CPU continuously polls the device status, wasting CPU cycles. In interrupt-initiated I/O the CPU does not poll.

  • I/O device informs CPU of its readiness / completion by asserting an interrupt signal (INTR).
  • CPU continues executing its current program; when interrupt is acknowledged, it suspends current work, saves PC/PSW, branches to Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) to transfer data.
  • After ISR completes, CPU resumes original program.

Advantage: CPU utilization is greatly improved — CPU is free during I/O wait, interrupted only when device actually needs service. Basis for modern interrupt-driven and DMA systems.

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