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PreviousA non-pipelined processor has a clock rate of 2.5 GHz and an average CPI (cycles per instruction) of 4. An upgrade to the processor introduces a five-stage pipeline. However, due to internal pipeline delays, such as latch delay, the clock rate of the new processor has to be reduced to 2 GHz. (a) What is the speedup achieved for a typical program? (b) What is the MIPS rate for each processor?NextA computer has 16 registers, an ALU with 32 operations, and a shifter with 8 operations, all connected to a common bus system. (i) Formulate a control word for micro-operation. (ii) Show the bits of the control word that specify the micro-operation R4 \leftarrow R5 + R6.