Correct Answer: (iv) All of the above

Explanation (2 Marks):

Organizational Politics = self-serving behaviour to gain power/benefits beyond legitimate means.

Causes/Antecedents:

• (i) Power Struggles: Competition for power, authority, dominance → coalitions, influence tactics.
• (ii) Individual Interests / Self-interest: Pursuit of personal goals (promotion, increments) over organizational goals; personal ambition.
• (iii) Scarcity of Resources: Limited resources (budget, promotions, office space) → intense competition → political behaviour to grab share.
• Other causes: Ambiguous goals, unclear evaluation, low trust, limited upward mobility.

Since all three are major sources, answer is (iv) All of the above.