Formatting the Output

Formatting the Output

1. Three Ways (beginner order)

println (new line), print (same line), printf/format (controlled decimals, tables).

System.out.println("Hello");   // Hello + newline
System.out.print("Hi ");       // no newline
System.out.print("there");     // → Hi there (same line)
System.out.printf("pi=%.2f%n", 3.14159); // pi=3.14

2. Format Specifiers (exam table)

Spec	Meaning	Example → Output
%d	integer	printf("%d", 42) → 42
%f	float	printf("%.2f", 3.14159) → 3.14
%s	string	printf("%s", "Java") → Java
%c	char	printf("%c", 'A') → A
%n	newline (better than `
`)	portable line break
%5d / %-5d	width 5, right/left align	printf("[%5d]", 7) → [ 7]

3. Beginner Example — Marksheet Row

String name = "Asha";
int marks = 87;
System.out.printf("%-10s %3d/100%n", name, marks); // Asha       87/100
System.out.printf("%.1f%% passed%n", 92.5);        // %% prints %

4. Traps

• %f needs double/float, %d needs int — mismatch → IllegalFormatConversionException.
• Always use %n (not ) in printf for Windows/Linux safety.

5. Exam Points

• println vs print vs printf — 3-5 marks, frequent.
• Format table + one marksheet program — 5 marks, very frequent.