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20232m

Which of the following is not included Human Resource Development?

(a) To increase the investment on Industries and roads
(b) Expenditure on education and health facilities to increase by more than 3% of national income.
(c) Prioritizing social benefit programme.

  • (i) Only (a)
  • (ii) Only (b)
  • (iii) (a) and (c)
  • (iv) (a) and (b)
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Answer: (i) Only (a)

Statement-wise analysis:

  • (a) To increase investment on Industries and roads - This is Physical Capital / Infrastructure investment, NOT HRD. HRD is about investing in people, not bricks & mortar. So (a) is not included.
  • (b) Expenditure on education and health facilities >3% of national income - This IS core HRD - Schultz/Becker's human capital theory - education & health build human capabilities.
  • (c) Prioritizing social benefit programme - This IS HRD - welfare, skill development, social security enhance human development (UNDP-HDI approach).

Thus only (a) is excluded. Hence option (i) Only (a).

Trick: HRD = Education + Health + Training + Welfare, not physical infrastructure.

Included in HRD Not Included
Education, Health, Skill Training, Nutrition, Social welfare Factories, Roads, Machines, Financial capital

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