Different articles of State policies under part-IV
1. Classification of DPSP Articles (Art 36–51) — Exam expects grouped list
DPSP are grouped by theme (though Constitution not labelled, textbooks group):
A. Gandhian Principles (rural, cottage):
- Art 40 — Organize village panchayats as units of self-government (basis for 73rd Amendment).
- Art 43 — Living wage, cottage industries, 43B Cooperatives (97th).
- Art 46 — Promote educational/economic interests of SC, ST, weaker sections.
- Art 47 — Prohibition of intoxicating drinks (improve nutrition, public health).
- Art 48 — Organize agriculture, animal husbandry, prohibit cow slaughter.
B. Socialist / Socio-Economic (Art 38–39 series):
- Art 38 — Secure social order to promote welfare (minimize inequalities).
- Art 39 — (a) equal right to adequate means of livelihood; (b) distribution of material resources to subserve common good; (c) prevent concentration of wealth; (d) equal pay for equal work; (e) protect workers/children health; (f) protect children.
- Art 39A — Equal justice and free legal aid (42nd).
- Art 41 — Right to work, education, public assistance in old age/sickness.
- Art 42 — Just and humane conditions of work, maternity relief.
- Art 43A — Participation of workers in management (42nd).
C. Liberal-Intellectual:
- Art 44 — Uniform civil code for all citizens.
- Art 45 — Early childhood care and education (0–6 yrs) (originally 0–14 education, after 86th, RTE is FR, DPSP 45 is early childhood).
- Art 48A — Protect environment and wildlife (42nd).
- Art 49 — Protect monuments of historic interest.
- Art 50 — Separation of judiciary from executive.
- Art 51 — Promotion of international peace and security.
2. How to Answer "Different articles" (exam strategy)
List 8–10 with Art number + one-line content, grouped as above, add amendment tag for 42nd (39A,43A,48A).
3. Worked Link
Art 40 → 73rd Amendment (Panchayati Raj) ; Art 43B → cooperative societies ; Art 39(b)(c) → nationalization laws protected via Art 31C (Minerva).
4. Exam Points
- List 8–10 DPSP with Art numbers, grouped (Gandhian, Socialist, Liberal) — 7-10 marks, almost certain (the most common "list DPSP" question).
- Give Art 39 clauses a–f — 5 marks, frequent.
- Mention 42nd additions (39A,43A,48A) and 86th (45 changed) — 3-5 marks, frequent.
- Show example law per DPSP (Panchayati Raj — Art 40) — 3-5 marks, frequent.